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L’ Operation Thunderbolt to Entebbe

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Sunday 27 June 1976 from’ Tel Aviv airport took off on Air France flight 139 to Paris with a stopover in Athens. In the Greek capital boarded 58 passengers, took place on the plane without that there had been particularly harsh and effective controls. There were security officers at searches and no attendant at the metal detector. Among them there were also two German terrorists and two Palestinians. It was a commando with a plan prepared for six months, studied in detail and could not fail. After taking off the terrorist group came into action. The German terrorist Wilfred Böse entered the cockpit while the others were holding off passengers. Böse ordered Captain Bacos of head on Benghazi, in Libya. Successful l’ landing operation in Libyan land l’ the plane was surrounded by armored cars that gave food to the prisoners and refueling. Benghazi terrorists release a person, Patricia Hayman, that pretending to be pregnant he procured a cut all’ groin to simulate a bleeding. Convinced so the commando to let her off the plane. Just arrived in London Mrs was achieved by Mossad agents. The Mossad is l’ Israeli Intelligence Agency posed to national security. In that’ meeting took place several information about who they were and how they were armed terrorists. L’ plane shared by Benghazi was led behind l’ imposition of the hijackers at Entebbe, in Uganda. At the head of’ Uganda was the dictator Idi Amin who long before had broken relations with Israel. To welcome l’ There were other hijacked plane Palestinians and l’ Ugandan army. Monday, 28 June 1976 the hostages were taken down from the’ plane and driven to a terminal’ Airport. Idi Amin went personally to the airport and being filmed by a television crew, He tried to act as mediator. His remarks seemed intended to reassure the hostages saying they would be released if Israel had assisted the terrorists ' demands. The dictator consented all’ passing old Dora Bloch to seek treatment at a hospital in kampala. The passengers of flight 139 still hostage were then 244 for most Frenchmen and one hundred Israelis. The commando had sent a list of terrorists in prisons in Israel and France Germany to be swapped with the passengers of flight 139. An ultimatum was set for 1 July 14 After that if they hadn't been accepts requests the terrorists would kill the hostages. Israel found itself in trouble. Tried to save time searching for information through the role of Amin. It was learned that he was trained in Israel years earlier and was named an officer who had known him well, Burka Bar Lev, to begin negotiations. Meanwhile during those hours were also strange situations. One of the hijackers was born in Mexico and one of the hostages recognize him because he had grown up in the same place in Mexico. Wednesday 30 June 1976 47 non-Jewish hostages were freed and boarded an Air France plane. The Mossad achieved from France to gather information from the hostages released. Israeli secret agents acquired valuable information like what part of the’ the airport was built by Israeli company Solel Boneh. The Israeli secret service secured so the plans and began to prepare the plan to intervene. It was necessary a’ action with a surprising effect. Publicly the Israeli Government in the person of its leader Rabin sought the deal, secretly instead was preparing a military intervention. Was asked to Amin, by Colonel Burka Bar Lev, an extension of’ ultimatum that was granted to the 4 July. The latest images were relentless and glided away time of’ Entebbe airport. To this end Israeli agents relied to a former British agent, friend of Israel, who lived in Kenya and he owned a personal aircraft. MC Kenzie Mossad helped a pilot to fly over l’ Airport to take pictures. Command of the’ the Israeli action was given to Dan Shomron and Yoni Netanyahu. Four C 130 Hercules would reach Entebbe and collected the hostages, After refueling in Nairobi would return to Tel Aviv. To accomplish this the Israelis built a life-size model of the terminal and drilled several times on the evening of 2 July. You couldn't go wrong. Each team must know perfectly what it should have done. All’ occurrence the plan was so well planned, often used of mercedes for drive d’ assault. That type of car usually bore political personnel and Ugandan soldiers would be put on the’ careful and would not have opposite strengths. Saturday 3 July 1976 He left the mission. To avoid being intercepted by radar the four hercules flying at low altitude. After eight hours of flight, the planes landed without being noticed near the Bay of Lake Victoria, below the radar range and with the lights off, taking advantage of the particular morphology of the territory of the airport. A slight promontory hid l’ silent procession of Hercules that the pilots shut down the engines. L’ plane approached the terminal always silently. At 23.01 the mercedes came down the ramp and took to the particular point. A Ugandan soldier, however, became suspicious and asked to check. Began the firefight which gave l’ start all’ assault of the terminal. The Israelis killed all the terrorists within 50 seconds. Ugandan soldiers continued to shoot and hit to death Yoni Netanyahu. Under the hail of bullets passengers were taken on’ Hercules. Besides Netanyahu died three hostages. Before taking off the Israeli special forces destroyed Ugandan Mig aircraft still on track. 58 minutes after the hostages were doing back home. Mrs. Dora Bloch, in the days that followed, suffered the revenge of Amin and was killed. Sunday 4 July 1976 passengers of air France flight 139 they returned to Tel Aviv in freedom. The Entebbe operation was one of the most incredible results achieved by departments of the Mossad.

Hector Parker

 

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4 may 1949

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The fog enveloped the Hill of Superga, you said that you saw in 30 meters. The rain was coming down strong. The wind ripped through the silence. It was these three natural elements to witness the tragic end of the Grande Torino. The Torino was returning to Italy aboard an airplane, fiat g. 212, from Lisbon after playing a friendly match. The Portuguese team captain Francisco Ferreira had invited l’ friend rival Valentino Mazzola to play a game with their respective teams. After you fly into Barcelona, a brief meeting at the airport with players of Milan, grenade team resumed the journey to Turin. At 17.05 in the mist, in the rain and wind came the crash with the base of the basilica of Superga. The head coach of the national team was Vittorio Pozzo, and resided in Turin. Winningest coach in Italian history with the world 34 and 38 and the Olympic Games 36. In the years 40 He built the national with ten players of Juventus Turin and one. That day was called him to recognize the bodies of players grenade. Il Grande Torino was gone. To earn that definition just mention that that team won five consecutive championships from 1943 at 1949, without prejudice to the 1945 No Championship. Being essential for networks and game WINS, legendary performance. The historical context in which that Turin was contruibuì to make unique and unrepeatable legend. In 1939 Ferruccio Novo bought the club grenade. In 1941 the war had already started l’ year before and Novo began building the team by purchasing players Ferraris Minds Gabetto Bodoira and Borel he joined Ossola already the club since 1939. The following year they completed the squadron with Loik and Mazzola for stratospheric figure of a million and two hundred thousand lire and the sale of Bodoira and Petron. The soccer players of the series to dell’ mimamente era were not comparable with those of today. Valentino Mazzola every morning he walked in bicycle 30 km from Cassano at Portello in Milan where he was a labourer all’ Alfa Romeo, the evening always cycling came home in all weather conditions. During the war the players were sent to work in the factory and sometimes went to play in the province where were also food supplies. The Championships that followed accompanied the major events that changed l’ Italy forever, the end of the monarchy in 1946 and the birth of the Republic, the new Constitution of 1948. A year after the fatal 4 may 1949. FIFA recently ruled that the 4 may was the world day of football. It was said that a team so could never grow old to surrender all’ eternity by vincente, going over his tragic fate land.

Hector Parker

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Eleven Lions in field: the Invincibles of Grande Torino

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With the term “Grande Torino” means the football team Torino F.C., who lived a period of splendor including in 40: Suffice it to say that the Italian national team of those years, were all 10 holders of the Grande Torino except the goalkeeper of Juventus, Sentimenti IV. That of 1941/42 It was a very competitive squad and tested, which participated in the Italy Cup and the race to the scudetto. The challenge was repeated the following year, When the Bull won the first championship of the cycle “Grande Torino”. In 1944, Despite the war, Soccer continued, but with groups divided between North, Central and South. In the first group stage, played in the North, the Grenade were in Group of Liguria and Piedmont. The team defeated for 7-1 Genoa and Biella, for 7-0 the Alexandria, for 8-2 the Novara and to 5-0 Juventus. In the second half of the semifinal., the Grenade faced derbies against teams from Lombardy, arriving a defeat for 1-3 and a tie for 3-3, but then came the victory by winning the final stage to three. The Taurus eventually lost the tournament, accomplice a unofficial meeting of the national. The La Spezia, coming from draw 1-1 against Venice, in the decisive encounter prevailed 2-1, thus making unnecessary the subsequent victory of the grenade to 5-2.

After the war, the 14 October 1945 He left the Championship, with the scudetto sewn on the jerseys of Grenade. For the bull began a March overwhelming in its group, leading him to beat all records. We must also remember the famous Grande Torino “quarter hour grenade”, that was a special moment of the match, because in 15 minutes from the end of the race, Orestes Balcha, a particular fan, sounded three blasts on the trumpet, and from here the bull changed the way you play and tactical planning. The most sensational result was in 1946 the National Stadium, Roma-Torino 0-7. In 1949, It was the last game for il Grande Torino, which went to Lisbon to play a friendly against Benfica. The teams showed a spectacle worthy of their Blazon, but unfortunately the game finished 4-3 in favor of Benfica. Upon returning from Lisbon, the 4 may 1949, the plane carrying the Toro found a thick fog that enveloped the entire city. At hours 17.05, the airplane crashed’ against the embankment of the Basilica of Superga, causing instant death to all thirty-one people who were on board. For the fame of the team, This had a great resonance on the world press. On the day of the funeral almost 1 million people participate to give a last farewell to the boys. So the bull was forced, in their last four League matches, to deploy the 11 the field of youth, and so did opponents on duty. Looking for information about the incident I was impressed to read an article that shows the words spoken by the chaplain of the Basilica right after the accident: "I heard a roar, eerily close, then a shot, an earthquake. Then silence. And a voice outside:” Fell an appliance!».

David Aimar (11 years)

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The first partisan band: Free Italy

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“Dear former partisans, you've been heroes not because of the armed struggle, But first of all for the courage and dignity to rebel and say no to the authoritarian power and that in part was also warmonger. A boy of the partisan war”. These lines can be read on a sheet hanging on the door of a cabin of Paraloup, literally "defence from wolves", small Alpine Township of the municipality of Rittana, country belonging to the Stura Valley located in the province of Cuneo.

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Sheet visible outside a cabin Paraloup Township

 

 

 

This place 1.360 meters altitude took some historical significance since it was the site of the first partisan band of Justice and liberty, one of the partisan groups more numerous after the "Brigate Garibaldi". Under the Green handkerchief, the men of the Brigade GL Italy Free were led by charismatic characters including Giorgio Bocca, Duccio Galimberti, Dante Livio Bianco and Nuto Revelli, to name just a few.

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Stone visible upon arrival at Quiot Rosa, important communication point

 

 

 

 

The 20 September 1943 the first organized partisan in Piemonte (and probably in Italy) moved to the borgata Paraloup, perfect vantage point and cuneese plain check. The village soon became a fixed camp and also an enlistment, including dormitories and canteens.

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The huts belonging to the Township of Paraloup were renovated and partially used as a Museum of memory

 

 

 

The cradle of the first partisan welcomed hundreds of young people involved in the resistance, men and women brought together by a single ideal: defend their territories to ensure a future free of any dictatorship.

Today Paraloup, the subject of a careful architectural restoration with the contribution of fondazione Nuto Revelli ", can be easily reached with a short walk of 30 minutes from Chiot Rosa, where you can leave your car. From opening a series of "paths of resistance", trails that only seven decades ago were paths from men and women searching for freedom and hope, all with the desire to build a better world.

Maria

 

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A woman who is not afraid: Edda Ciano Mussolini

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1925. A teenage girl of fifteen years has just found out that mom has a love affair with the stationmaster of the country. The girl ashamed and disapproval of the behavior of the mother. Still doesn't know that life, sometimes, door men and women to seek consolation, revenge, or just a form of love outside of marriage. And condemnation for this mother, often violent and grumpy, a mother from slap easy, always locked in the kitchen. For the girl is simply inconceivable to think that dad might be betrayed. He knows that his father has betrayed and betrays often mom, especially during his long absence for work, but that does not count. He can, He can do all things.
This is the story of Edda Ciano Mussolini. Born in 1910, often lives far from father. However between the two develops a deep bond, made of silences full of meaning. It is the father who teaches her that should never be seen crying in public, and above all must never be afraid.
The beloved daughter of the duce, the eldest, is a capricious girl and stubborn, restless and bizarre, the only one who can stand up to the father and to which it is allowed to do so. Parents see in marriage the only natural brake at this girl's smart and rebellious excesses: start this way to propose to Edda a number of young men with excellent references, which are discarded one after another. The young man had a Jewish boy, presenting to the mother: Rachele, out of spite, preparing a lunch of ham, What that does not factor at all the pretender. Benito refuses to grant their hand obviously preferred to a Jew, and between these two the relationship ends. However, Edda in getting, ten years later, her Jewish friend from the concentration camp that was finished because of racial events.
Edda weddings in Rome 24 April 1930 count Galeazzo Ciano, met at a ball a few months before. A man who Edda will define perfect, Although it is still herself who described it as a husband by the hand "to and fro" and especially as a large "tombeur de femmes". The daughter of Mussolini will suffer greatly as a result of cheating husband, until, After spending an entire night trying in vain to get sick from pneumonia to frighten her husband, decide that whatever happened she would not have been ever more jealous. Edda and cyan continued to live together, UPS and downs, being like brother and sister, but not stopped ever to betray each other.
War breaks out: Edda works right from the start as a red cross nurse, first in Turin, then in Albania, where your ship is sunk by a British torpedo, and finally in Sicily, during the allied landings.
The 25 July 1943 the Countess is on holiday at the seaside with children, When it receives a message from the husband Cyan that asks her to return for Rome. Il duce fell. Edda strives to find a safe place for the whole family, trying first to the Vatican, then addressing himself directly to the Germans: the latter offer the family an escape for the Cyan Spain, but will prove a trap that will lead us in Germany, prisoners of the Nazis. The 18 October 1943 Cyan is stopped by officials of the new Social Republic of Salo and recalled to Italy: After you've secured the children in Switzerland, the woman will do anything to try to free her husband and to avoid the death sentence. Edda try to swap the man's diaries (anti German) to obtain in Exchange for the release of her husband; but Ciano is brutally shot the 11 January 1944 in Verona, along with other "traitors".
For Edda this is the beginning of the end. In the last meeting with il duce took place a few weeks before, Edda told Benito that if he hadn't intervened for Galeazzo she would have considered her father. The woman is angry with his mother, He has never taken the side of cyan in the past, much less in this circumstance.
Edda rejoins with children in Switzerland, Sola, and you move from a nursing home to another. He carries her husband's diaries, which will become a historical source of primary importance to reconstruct the facts of fascism from ' 36 to ' 43. And Switzerland that Edda will, via radio, the dreadful end of his father, the disgraceful end of piazzale Loreto, Mussolini hanging upside down with his mistress Claretta Petacci.
It's the showdown: Edda is called in Italy, and with grotesque charges was sent into internal exile on Lipari. Benefiting from an amnesty, Unable to be reunited with her children after a year of posting, and the battle begins to get the corpse of his father and the family property, battle that after long years will win.

The only thing that Edda claims to have done well is being managed, over time, to reunite what remained of his family: his mother and mother-in-law, the children and grandmothers. Inflexible and authoritarian woman, called "Edda" by his own sons, but at the same time fragile and vulnerable woman, Edda suffered unimaginable suffering, but following the advice of father, "never be afraid", he dared, After the terrible facts that marked his life, to live a near normal life.

Maria

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